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GLOSSARY
Acceleration- The rate of change in velocity with respect to time. According to Newton's second law of motion, acceleration is equal to the force, divided by mass (A=F/M).
Accelerator pump- Accelerator pumps are found in cars equipped with carburetors. When you accelerate, the accelerator pump delivers extra fuel through the accelerator pump circuit to allow the engine to deliver more power.
Actuator- An electrical mechanism for moving or controlling something indirectly instead of by hand, such as a door lock. Output device the PCM controls such as solenoids, relays, fuel injectors and stepper motors.
AE - Acceleration Enrichment, the enriched mixture provided when the throttle position sensor signal changes at various rates.
AFR - Air Fuel Ratio, the mass ratio of air to fuel in the combustion chamber. See NB- and WB-EGO sensors, below.
Air filter- This device filters the air that goes into your engine. Without an air filter, harmful particles would enter your car's engine and cause internal wear and damage.
Air pump- Many emissions systems include an air pump, which pumps fresh air into a vehicle's exhaust to help complete the combustion process and reduce emissions. To get accurate lambda measurements with the LM-1, air pumps should be temporarily disabled.
ASE[/b] - After Start Enrichment, the enriched mixture provided for a number of engine cycles when an ECU detects that the engine has transitioned from cranking to running.
Carburetor - A mechanism which mixes fuel with air in the proper proportions to provide a desired power output from a spark-ignition internal combustion engine.
Carburetor jet- A fitting inside a carburetor that meters fuel into a metering circuit where it is mixed with air.
Catalyst - A substance that can increase or decrease the rate of a chemical reaction between substances without being physically consumed in the process. A catalyst, which reduces engine emissions, is used in a catalytic converter.
Catalytic converter - An in-line, exhaust system device, containing a catalyst, which reduces engine exhaust emissions. Converters are located near the exhaust manifolds or headers for maximum efficiency.
Closed loop - refers to those times when an EFI computer is using the feedback on the mixture provided by the oxygen sensor to effectively control the injected amounts.
Combustion - The process by which the air/fuel mixture burns within an engine to create power.
Computer (PCM) - Many modern cars have a central computer called an engine control unit (ECU) or power train control module (PCM). This controls the car's fuel and ignition systems by taking information from various sensors to determine how to run the engine with the most efficiency and power.
Converter (Torque) - A fluid coupling device which multiplies torque between an engine and automatic transmission/transaxle. When a vehicle is stopped, a converter allows enough fluid slippage, so the engine can idle without stalling.
CTS - Coolant Temperature Sensor. Usually the CTS is an NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermistor, or a resistor whose resistance varies with temperature (NTC means the resistance goes down as the temperature goes up.
DMM (digital multi meter) electronic current/resistance/potential measuring tool.
Double overhead cam (DOHC) - A DOHC engine has two camshafts in the cylinder head - one for the exhaust valves, and one for the intake valves. This allows greater efficiency and greater power.
Driveline - The system of components that connects the transmission to the wheels. T